Coordinate system vs map projection pdf

Coordinate systems and map projections 2nd edition elsevier. Coordinate systems, map projections, and geographic datum. Understanding map projections landing page for kartoweb. Nearly all projections are applied via exact or iterated mathematical formulas that convert between geographic latitude and longitude and projected x an y. Understanding coordinate systems and projections for arcgis duration.

Working with map projections and coordinate systems in. A projected coordinate system based on a map projection such as transverse mercator, albers equal area, or robinson, all of which along with numerous other map projection models provide various mechanisms to project maps of the earths spherical surface onto a two. Understanding difference between coordinate system and. Purchase coordinate systems and map projections 2nd edition. Projected coordinate systems are derived from map projections and geographic. Ellipsoidal coordinate systems reference a mathematically derived spheroidal or ellipsoidal volumetric surface. Learning more about map projection and coordinate system concepts. Geographic coordinate systems are based on a spheroid and utilize angular units degrees. The difference between a geographic and a projected. Working with map projections and coordinate systems. A projected coordinate system is always based on a geographic coordinate system that is based on a sphere or spheroid. A coordinate system is a reference system used to represent the locations of geographic features, imagery, and observations, such as global positioning system gps locations, within a common geographic framework. Projected coordinate systems are based on a plane the spheroid projected onto a 2d surface and utilize linear units feet, meters, etc. Download the list of supported geographic and vertical coordinate systems.

The definition of the map projection for projected coordinate systems. Map projections explained a beginners guide youtube. A coordinate system, datum, and map projection are. Unlike a geographic coordinate system, a projected coordinate system has constant lengths, angles, and areas across the two dimensions. Coordinate systems enable geographic datasets to use common locations for integration. Maps are flat, so your map must have a pcs in order to know how to draw. Map projections and coordinate systems gis courses. Other measurement system properties such as a spheroid of reference, a datum, one or more. Your data must have a gcs before it knows where it is on earth. In a projected coordinate system pcs you project the geographic coordinate that you have measured, to, for example, a cylinder which you roll out easily on twodimensional surface the map. A projected coordinate system pcs is a gcs that has been flattened using a map projection. A projection is the means by which you display the coordinate system and your data on a flat surface, such as a piece of paper or a digital screen. Projections, datums and coordinate systems in australia.

Projecting your data is optional, but projecting your map is not. Geodesy, coordinate systems, objectives and map projections. There exist many different projections and well not go in further detail about that here. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or. Geodesy, coordinate systems, and map projections objectives introduce the main concepts of geodesy coordinate systems, datums, ellipsoids, and geoids describe map projections and coordinate systems we use in gis two key questions what is the shape of the earth, and where are things on the earth. Working with map projections and coordinate systems in arcgis. A projected coordinate system is defined on a flat, twodimensional surface. The difference is that wgs 84 is a geographic coordinate system, and utm is a projected coordinate system. Learn what a map projection is, why they are used and what impact they have on maps gis systems. Coordinate systems, projections, and transformations. Most often maps and gis data are displayed on flat surfaces, be it a paper.